{"id":47965,"date":"2019-07-08T06:32:56","date_gmt":"2019-07-08T04:32:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/edu.danwatch.dk\/?post_type=undersgelse&#038;p=47965"},"modified":"2020-12-08T10:15:09","modified_gmt":"2020-12-08T09:15:09","slug":"un-expert-eu-countries-are-ignoring-crimes-against-humanity__trashed","status":"publish","type":"undersgelse","link":"https:\/\/edu.danwatch.dk\/en\/undersoegelse\/un-expert-eu-countries-are-ignoring-crimes-against-humanity__trashed\/","title":{"rendered":"UN expert: EU countries are ignoring crimes against humanity"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"47965\" class=\"elementor elementor-47965 elementor-47964\" data-elementor-post-type=\"undersgelse\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-ab2ec15 elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-section-content-bottom elementor-section-items-bottom elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"ab2ec15\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4bd67749\" data-id=\"4bd67749\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-34121e9b animated-fast elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"34121e9b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">BILLIONS FOR BORDERS - LIBYA<\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5f5d515c overskrift-negativ elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5f5d515c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">UN expert: EU countries are ignoring crimes against humanity<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-100d6ce6\" data-id=\"100d6ce6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-239bcbe8 elementor-hidden-phone elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"239bcbe8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInRight&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Around 6.000 migrants are currently imprisoned by Libyan authorities in close cooperation with the EU. <br \/>They are held in at least 23 make shift prisons like this without the most basic\u00a0 necessities<b><i>,<\/i><\/b> risking torture, rape, extortion or bombings as a result of the civil war\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<br \/>Photo: UNICEF<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-33e63dde elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"33e63dde\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-743f6245\" data-id=\"743f6245\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-385d717f elementor-widget elementor-widget-template\" data-id=\"385d717f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"template.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-template\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3a69f908 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3a69f908\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3456daae fjernbaggrund\" data-id=\"3456daae\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c09b983 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"1c09b983\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5af6015e\" data-id=\"5af6015e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-392d89f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"392d89f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u201cConditions for irregular migrants in Libya are cruel and inhuman. Human rights violations are widespread and systematic. We are talking about crimes against humanity and in the cases where they are related to armed conflict, even war crimes\u201d.<\/p><p>UN Special Rapporteur on Torture Nils Melzer is very outspoken, when describing the\u00a0 conditions facing migrants and asylum seekers, who are intercepted by the Libyan Coast Guard at sea and returned to detention centres in war torn Libya.\u00a0<\/p><p>He regularly submits reports on the use of torture and other serious human rights abuses around the world to the UN Human Rights Council in Geneva and the UN General Assembly in New York..\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d706a08 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d706a08\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-38a5b6c fjernbaggrund\" data-id=\"38a5b6c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-755ac13 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"755ac13\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0ca2eed elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"0ca2eed\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"311\" src=\"https:\/\/edu.danwatch.dk\/dw-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Press-Conference-1-768x311.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-47766\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/edu.danwatch.dk\/dw-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Press-Conference-1-768x311.jpg 768w, https:\/\/edu.danwatch.dk\/dw-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Press-Conference-1-1200x486.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/edu.danwatch.dk\/dw-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Press-Conference-1-450x182.jpg 450w, https:\/\/edu.danwatch.dk\/dw-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Press-Conference-1-1536x621.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/edu.danwatch.dk\/dw-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Press-Conference-1-2048x829.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/edu.danwatch.dk\/dw-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Press-Conference-1.jpg 2212w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a7c72fd elementor-widget elementor-widget-toggle\" data-id=\"a7c72fd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"toggle.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1751\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1751\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">UN Special Rapporteur on Torture<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1751\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1751\"><ul><li>Nils Melzer is a professor on international law at Glasgow University.<\/li><li>He is also \u201cSwiss Chair for International Humanitarian Law\u201d at Geneva Academy of International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights.<\/li><li>In 2016 he was appointed United Nations Special Rapporteur on Torture and other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment.<\/li><li>He reports regularly to the UN Human Rights Council in Geneva and to the UN General Assembly in New Yours on serious human rights abuses all over the world<\/li><li>Nils Melzer has held a number of high level jobs at the EU, UN and in the Swiss Ministry of Foreign Affairs.<\/li><li>He has published several books on international law, among them Targeted Killing in International Law&#8221;, Oxford, 2008, awarded the Guggenheim Prize in 2009, ICRC&#8217;s official guide; &#8220;International Humanitarian Law &#8211; a Comprehensive Introduction&#8221; (2016)<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-37681e7\" data-id=\"37681e7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3b14a69 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3b14a69\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nils Melzers <a href=\"https:\/\/undocs.org\/A\/HRC\/37\/50\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">latest report on migration related torture<\/a> was submitted in november 2018, and he stresses, that there has been very little improvement if any, since he undertook the task as UN watchdog on torture.<\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Since then Libya has been engulfed by civil war, making migrants even more vulnerable. In the beginning of juli, the migrant center <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/07\/libya-migrants-recount-horrors-tajoura-detention-centre-attack-190704053421671.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tajoura east of Tripoli was bombed,<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> killing at least 44 migrant and wounding 130.<\/span><\/p><h4>Terrible conditions for migrants<\/h4><p>The Libyan Coast Guard has increasingly conducted search and rescue operations in the waters between Libya and Italy and now intercepts most of the migrants and asylum seekers attempting to reach Europe from Libya.\u00a0<\/p><p>An anti migration effort, made possible by the support, training and equipment, provided by the EU since the refugee crisis in 2015.<\/p><p>\u201cNeither the EU nor the individual member states can claim with any degree of credibility that they do not know what is going on in Libya. We know the situation of migrants and what is going on in the camps, to which migrants and asylum seekers are returned to\u201d, Nils Melzer says.<\/p><p>Mr. Melzer is a professor at international law at University of Glasgow University, Human Rights Chair at Geneva Academy of International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights and since 2016<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/en\/issues\/torture\/srtorture\/pages\/nilsmelzer.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u00a0<\/a>UN Special Rapporteur on Torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.<\/p><p>\u201cConditions for irregular migrants in Libya have been terrible for years.They are detained in horrible condition and on a large scale subjected to arbitrary detention and torture, including rape. We have seen videos of slave markets and we even have confirmed reports on large\u00a0 scale organ trade. There is so much information available that no one can claim to be ignorant of the risks involved in forcing migrant to return to Libya\u201d, Nils Melzer says..<\/p><h4>Breaching the conventions<\/h4><p>Nils Melzer accuses the EU and member states of being in violation of at least three international conventions, because it is the training, equipment and cooperation with the EU that encourages and enables the Libyan Coast Guard to prevent migrants and asylum seekers from reaching the shores of Europe.<\/p><p>Exactly how many migrants the Libyan Coast Guard intercepts are unknown, but according to Amnesty International at least 3.000 are currently detained in Libya. According to the International Organisation for Migration, IOM, 3.404 migrants arrived in Malta and Italy from Libya during the first five and a half months of 2019.\u00a0 This is significantly lower than the 337.278 arrivals, when the refugee crisis peaked in 2015 and 2016.<\/p><p>\u201cThere is no doubt that this push-back policy is violating the conventions. Already in 2012 the European Court of Human Rights found it illegal to return migrants to Libya because of the risks of abuse\u201d, Nils Melzer says.<\/p><p>\u201cIf you prevent migrants and asylum seekers from reaching safety, you are responsible for the resulting foreseeable harm. That you have found someone else to do the work for you, does not absolve you from responsibility\u201d, he says.<\/p><p>\u201cBy training, equipping and encouraging the Libyan Coast Guard, making sure it is able to intercept the migrants at sea and return them to Libya, the EU and member states actively prevent migrants and asylum seekers from reaching safety.\u201d<\/p><p>The UN watchdog on torture point to three conventions being violated. One is the UN Convention on Torture, that prohibits states from handing over people to a another state, if there is a risk that they will be subjected to torture or other inhuman treatment.\u00a0<\/p><p>Secondly he points to the UN Covenant on Civil and Political Rights where several provisions are violated and thirdly to the Vienna Convention, stipulating that states must interpret and exercise their international obligations in good faith.<\/p><h4>\u00a0<\/h4>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-8a36519 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"8a36519\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a7272cc elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-phone\" data-id=\"a7272cc\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-80d0175 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"80d0175\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0af1265\" data-id=\"0af1265\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c86aa68 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c86aa68\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>FAKTA<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-14f8c1a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"14f8c1a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-xl\">The conventions in question<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b4537ad elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b4537ad\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The EU member countries have signed a number of international conventions, that oblige them to respekt human rights and act in good faith.\u00a0<br \/><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\">Some of the most important conventions, when it comes to establish whether it is legal or not to return migrants to Libya are these:\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-e7f1568 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e7f1568\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-06f30ca\" data-id=\"06f30ca\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a515968 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a515968\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/en\/professionalinterest\/pages\/cat.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">UN Convention against Torture<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ba71f23 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ba71f23\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Convention explicitly prohibit all kinds of torture, cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment as well as any kind of assistance to such acts:<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/><\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Article 3: <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1. No State Party shall expel, return (&#8220;refouler&#8221;) or extradite a person to another State where there are substantial grounds for believing that he would be in danger of being subjected to torture.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a917596 elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"a917596\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-fd3473d\" data-id=\"fd3473d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5fe74a1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5fe74a1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/en\/professionalinterest\/pages\/ccpr.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">UN Convention on Civil Rights <\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3cb3f73 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3cb3f73\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Convention recognizes the fundamental rights of human beings, regardless of nationality, sex, religion a.s.o.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/><\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Article 6: <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Every human being has the inherent right to life. This right shall be protected by law. No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his life.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/><\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Article 7: <\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/><\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. In particular, no one shall be subjected without his free consent to medical or scientific experimentation.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/><\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Article 8: <\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/><\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">No one shall be held in slavery; slavery and the slave-trade in all their forms shall be prohibited.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><em>Article 9:<\/em> <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/><\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Everyone has the right to liberty and security of person. No one shall be subjected to arbitrary arrest or detention. No one shall be deprived of his liberty except on such grounds and in accordance with such procedure as are established by law.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13b8c4e elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"13b8c4e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-30bf7c3\" data-id=\"30bf7c3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6745028 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6745028\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.refworld.org\/docid\/3ae6b3a10.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Vienna Convention<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6959527 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6959527\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The Convention stipulates, how states should interpret and conduct their obligations when signing international agreements and treaties.\u00a0<\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><em>Article 26:<\/em> <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Every treaty in force is binding upon the parties to it and must be performed by them in good faith.<\/span><\/p><p><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Article 31:<\/span><\/em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A treaty shall be interpreted in good faith in accordance with the ordinary meaning to be given to the terms of the treaty in their context and in the light of its object and purpose. <\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9507e93 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9507e93\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Sources: ohchr.org, refworld.org\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-193d51c\" data-id=\"193d51c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3b3ac0d1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3b3ac0d1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4d6f8f54 fjernbaggrund\" data-id=\"4d6f8f54\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5dfa4022 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"5dfa4022\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-765711bc\" data-id=\"765711bc\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6733a42e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6733a42e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4>EU still responsible<\/h4><p>The criticism voiced by the UN watchdog is echoed by one of Europe&#8217;s leading experts on international law, professor Thomas Gammeltoft-Hansen at the Universities of Oslo and Copenhagen.<\/p><p>\u201cThe migration policy of the EU is based on cooperation with a number of third countries like Libya, where local authorities are the ones to physically deal with the migrants and asylum seekers. But the EU still has a responsibility\u201d, Thomas Gammeltoft-Hansen says.<\/p><p>\u201cA state, that contributes to violations of international law, is still responsible. That is a well established juridical principle\u201d, he says.<\/p><p>Thomas Gammeltoft-Hansen outlines three juridical condition that must be full filled in order for the EU or individual member states to have joint responsibility.\u00a0<\/p><ul><li>Firstly the EU or member state must contribute materially or substantially to the Libyan Coast Guard.<\/li><li>Secondly the EU or member states must be aware that, in the ordinary course of events the contribution will lead to human rights violations.<\/li><li>And thirdly those violations must be punishable both in the EU-states and in Libya.<\/li><\/ul><p>\u201cWith a large degree of certainty all three conditions are fulfilled. Without the training and support from the EU, the Libyan Coast Guard would not be functioning, The EU knows very well what the risks are with returning migrants to Libya and the abuses involved are criminalized in the EU as well as in Libya.\u201d<\/p><h4>Defending the cooperation<\/h4><p>The EU Commission does not agree that conventions are breached or even bended.\u00a0<\/p><p>On the contrary. A spokesman for the office of the High Representative of the European Union for Foreign Affairs denies any responsibility for actions committed by the Libyan Coast Guard or other Libyan authorities.<\/p><p>\u201cThe Libyan authorities are operating in their own territorial waters and in their search and rescue area, where most of these incidents occur and most people lose their lives\u201d the spokesman says in a written reply.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p><p>\u201cThe EU cannot operate in the territorial waters of a sovereign state\u201d the spokesman says.\u00a0<\/p><p>The spokesman confirms that the EU is aware of the conditions for migrants in Libya, including conditions in the Libyan detentions centres, that migrants are transferred to after being intercepted at sea.<\/p><p>\u201cOur position on the conditions for migrants in detentions centres has been clear from day one. These conditions are unacceptable and detentions centres should be closed\u201d he says, stressing that according to international law the authorities detaining the migrants are\u00a0 responsible for the conditions.<\/p><p>\u201cThe Libyan authorities are obliged to provide detained refugees and migrants with adequate and quality food, ensuring that conditions in detention centres uphold international agreed standards.\u201d\u00a0<\/p><p>The goal of the EU is to have all migrants released and the detention centres closed, he says but this is not possible at the moment.<\/p><p>\u201cUntil this happens, the European Union is working together with UN agencies and international NGO\u2019s to protect and assist vulnerable migrants and refugees at disembarkation point or in most of the official detention centres and in host communities.\u201d<\/p><h5>Danwatch is a prize winning investigative media focusing on companies, states and human rights. Danwatch is based in Copenhagen, Denmark but carries out investigations all over the world. If you want to tip on a story, that need investigation, please\u00a0 reach out.<\/h5><h5>Charlotte Aagaard is an award winning investigative journalist specializing in international politics and human rights. If you want to get in touch, please send an email to\u00a0<a href=\"mailto:caa@edu.danwatch.dk\">caa@edu.danwatch.dk<\/a>.<\/h5>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Germany, Italy and the EU are breaching several international conventions working with Libya to prevent migrants from reaching Europa, a top UN expert claims. Human rights organisations and experts on international law agrees. EU is defending the 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